However, another study found that participants spent 30% of the subtitle's presentation time looking in the subtitle area (D'Ydewalle, van Rensbergen, & Pollet, Reference D'Ydewalle, van Rensbergen, Pollet, O'Regan and Levy-Schoen1987). In an initial study, D'Ydewalle, Muylle, and van Rensbergen ( Reference D'Ydewalle, Muylle, van Rensbergen, Groner, McConkie and Menz1985) found that participants fixated upon one or two words per subtitle, leading them to conclude that not much reading of the subtitles occurred. They used eye tracking to measure the amount of time a viewer spent looking in the subtitle area as a function of the subtitle's presentation time with standard subtitles. Some studies in the 1980s investigated the allocation of attention to the different sources of information in this multimodal situation. Furthermore, the information coming from these different sources may be redundant, which can render the reading of the subtitles less compelling. When watching a film with subtitles, a viewer has to process not only three sources of information (the soundtrack, the subtitles, and the dynamic images in the film), but also the multilingual situation with both FL and native language. Nowadays, it is often possible to add subtitles in different languages to films or television programs at the press of a button. This is called standard subtitling, and it is often preferred to dubbing as it is cheaper and keeps the original voice of the actors, thus avoiding the issue of lip synchronicity (Koolstra, Peeters, & Spinhof, Reference Koolstra, Peeters and Spinhof2002). Finally, the reading of the subtitles is discussed in relation to the saliency of subtitles and automatic reading behavior.Īn increasing number of films are imported from abroad and broadcast in the original foreign language (FL) soundtrack with subtitles added in the native language. Because the results showed no vocabulary acquisition, the need for more sensitive measures of vocabulary acquisition are discussed. To investigate the incidental acquisition of FL vocabulary, participants also completed an unexpected auditory vocabulary test.
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However, participants exhibited more regular reading of the subtitles when the film soundtrack was in an unknown FL. The results revealed that participants read the subtitles irrespective of the subtitling condition. In this study, participants watched part of a film under standard (FL soundtrack and native language subtitles), reversed (native language soundtrack and FL subtitles), or intralingual (FL soundtrack and FL subtitles) subtitling conditions while their eye movements were recorded. However, the extent to which people process subtitles under different subtitling conditions remains unclear. Foreign language (FL) films with subtitles are becoming increasingly popular, and many European countries use subtitling as a cheaper alternative to dubbing.